All systems can be understood using an input-process-output (IPO) model, and the system we call “innovation” is no exception. This model is likely familiar to you from information technology and ...

Understanding the feed-forward mechanism is required in order to create a neural network that solves difficult practical problems such as predicting the result of a football game or the movement of a ...

Industrial control systems can be categorized in two types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. The open-loop control system is a continuous control system that provides no feedback from its output.

Even when change is good, most of us would rather run the other way when we see it coming. This is simply human nature, especially when a system seems to be working satisfactorily. But the reality is ...

The purpose of performance measurement is to help organizations understand how decision-making processes or practices led to success or failure in the past and how that understanding can lead to ...

Life is often not as difficult as it seems, and it is a good idea to ratchet back on complexity, keep things simple, and stick to what is important. The input/process/output diagram above helps us do ...

Using a QbD approach in the development and formulation of topical products will enable the drug developer to provide a robust control strategy for manufacturing. Scaling up the manufacture of a ...

Electronic components are chosen based on factors such as their function. It is important to choose a component that is best fit for purpose. Electronic control systems – electronic quantities Current ...