The fractional stochastic delay differential equation (FSDDE) is a powerful mathematical tool for modeling complex systems that exhibit both fractional order dynamics and stochasticity with time ...
Partial differential equations (PDE) describe the behavior of fluids, structures, heat transfer, wave propagation, and other physical phenomena of scientific and engineering interest. This course ...
This study presents an innovative numerical framework for addressing initial value problems (IVPs) in linear fractional Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential equations (FVFIDEs). The approach ...
Across modern data-intensive disciplines, the union of numerical computation, statistics, and machine learning has become ...
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